A blockchain consists of several key components of a blockchain that work together to ensure its functionality. These include blocks, which store data; a chain, which links the blocks in a secure sequence; cryptographic hashing, which ensures data integrity; a consensus mechanism, such as Proof of Work or Proof of Stake, which validates transactions; and nodes, which are the network participants maintaining the blockchain. Smart contracts, decentralized applications (DApps), and tokens are also integral elements of blockchain ecosystems, facilitating automated operations and decentralized value transfer.
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